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5G NR: RAN Functional Splits

5G NR: RAN Functional Splits

A single Central Unit can be connected to multiple Distributed Units. CU-CP will have RRC, PDCP CU-UP will have SDAP, PDCP Distributed Units will include RLC, MAC, H-PHY. F1 interface is used to cinnect between DU and CU. eCPRI is connected to H-PHY and L-PHY. CPRI …
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5G NR: Simple guide to C-RAN vs Cloud RAN vs vRAN vs O-RAN

5G NR: Simple guide to C-RAN vs Cloud RAN vs vRAN vs O-RAN

In previous chapter we shall learned about RRU, BBU, CU, DU fronthaul, midhaul; In this chapter we shall learn about: D-RAN C-RAN cloud RAN vRAN oRAN D-RAN vs C-RAN vs vRAN vs O-RAN What is D-RAN? DRAN stands for “Distributed RAN”. In this type, RRU and …
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5G NR: Interfaces available in 5G NR – Xn, NG, E1, F1, F2, CPRI

5G NR: Interfaces available in 5G NR – Xn, NG, E1, F1, F2, CPRI

Above image shows overall architecture from 3GPP TS 38.300 specification. Xn interface exists between 2 base stations. Xn-U stands for Xn User Plane Xn-C stands for Xn Control Plane NG interface is between 5GC and base station. 5G NR Xn Interface Xn interface is between 2 …
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5G RAN Fronthaul, Midhaul and Backhaul, RRU, BBU, CU, DU

5G RAN Fronthaul, Midhaul and Backhaul, RRU, BBU, CU, DU

Fronthaul, Midhaul and Backhaul are used to connect RU, DU and CU and the core network together. They tells us about the transport network architecture. What is Fronthaul ? It is the link between RRU and BBU. or RRU and DU. It has a latency requirement …
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5G NR RRC States

5G NR RRC States

In this chapter we shall have a look at the functionalities of different RRC States. There are 3 RRC states in 5G NR. 1. RRC Connected 2. RRC Inactive 3. RRC Idle RRC Connected State: 1. Initially UE will be in RRC Idle mode and it …
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5G NR PDCCH order

5G NR PDCCH order

PDCCH Order will be initiated by network to trigger a Random Access procedure. This is initiated when there is an upstream loss. When gNB has downstream data to send, PDCCH order will be used to initiate RACH and get up-stream synchronization. PDCCH order uses PDCCH DCI …
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5G NR: Mobile Network Access Procedure

5G NR: Mobile Network Access Procedure

UE access procedure is as below: Step 1: UE is Switched ON Step 2: PLMN Selection PLMN Introduction PLMN stands for Public Land Mobile Network, will be established by the network and is used to provide land mobile communication services to public. PLMN = MCC + …
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5G NR Access Process

5G NR Access Process

Cell Search and Cell Selection 1. When a UE is powered on, it searches for a specific frequency according to Synchronization Raster as defined in TS 38.104. 2. UE tries to detect PSS/SSS to get downlink synchronization and get the PCI of the cell. 3. UE …
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5G NR RRC Message Protection

5G NR RRC Message Protection

In this chapter we shall see which RRC messages can be sent: 1. RRC messages can be sent Unprotected prior to AS security activation. 2. RRC messages can be sent Unprotected after AS security activation. 3. RRC messages that never be sent unprotected by gNB or …
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5G NR UE Initial Access Message Content

5G NR UE Initial Access Message Content

In this previous chapter we learnt about 5G NR initial access process in brief. In this chapter we shall see the important message contents.   1. RRCSetupRequest: UE sends a setup request IE: ue-Identity / establishmentCause Channels: CCCH, SRB0 2. INITIAL UL RRC MESSAGE TRANSFER gND-DU …
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