5G NR QoS Profile, 5G QoS Rules and UL and DL traffic characteristics
5G NR QoS Profile A QoS flow may be either GBR or non-GBR depending on QoS profile. The QoS profile for a QoS flow is sent to RAN with below…
5G NR QOS Introduction
5G QoS is based on QoS Flows. Each QoS flow is identified by QoS Flow Identifier (QFI) with in a PDU session. There are 3 different types of…
5G NR Different types of cells , cell groups and cell nodes
There are 4 different types of cells in 5G NR: 1. PCell 2. PSCell 3. SCell 4. SpCell 1. PCell: -> Primary Cell -> It will come under…
5G NR Connection Management States
Connection Management is used to establish and release the signalling connection between UE and AMF. CM mainly deals with establishing and…
5G NR Registration Management States
Registration Management is used to register or deregister UE to the network and create a user context in the network. We know that UE needs to…
5G NR: ARQ and HARQ
In this chapter we shall understand what is ARQ and HARQ. ARQ: ARQ stands for Automatic Repeat Request. It is used in Data Link Layer. It is…
5G RAN Functional Splits
A single Central Unit can be connected to multiple Distributed Units. CU-CP will have RRC, PDCP CU-UP will have SDAP, PDCP Distributed Units…
5G NR: Interfaces available in 5G NR – Xn, NG, E1, F1, F2, CPRI
Above image shows overall architecture from 3GPP TS 38.300 specification. Xn interface exists between 2 base stations. Xn-U stands for Xn User…
Simple guide to C-RAN vs Cloud RAN vs vRAN vs O-RAN
In previous chapter we shall learned about RRU, BBU, CU, DU fronthaul, midhaul; In this chapter we shall learn about: D-RAN C-RAN cloud RAN…
5G RAN Fronthaul, Midhaul and Backhaul, RRU, BBU, CU, DU
Fronthaul, Midhaul and Backhaul are used to connect RU, DU and CU and the core network together. They tells us about the transport network…